Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Panax notoginseng Saponins Accelerate Diabetic Wound Repair by Minimizing Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inhibiting Pyroptosis of Macrophage via Regulating Ephx2/11,12‐ EET Axis

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.72494

Figure Lengend Snippet: PNS inhibits pyroptosis and mitochondrial homeostasis in wound tissue of DW mice. (A–D) ELISA was used to measure serum levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐18, and IL‐10. (E) Immunofluorescence staining of wound sections identified M1 macrophages using antibodies against F4/80 and iNOS. Scale bar: 200 μm. (F) Immunofluorescence staining of wound sections identified M2 macrophages using antibodies against F4/80 and Arg1. Scale bar: 200 μm. (G, H) Western blotting detected protein expression of iNOS and Arg1 in wound tissues, followed by quantitative analysis. (I–K) Western blotting detected protein expression of NLRP3, Casp1, Casp1 p20, FL‐GSDMD, and N‐GSDMD in wound tissues, followed by quantitative analysis. (L, M) Immunohistochemical staining and quantitative analysis of GSDMD expression in wound sections. (N, O) Western blotting detected protein expression of Mfn1, Mfn2, OPA1, p‐Drp1, and Drp1 in wound tissues, followed by quantitative analysis. Values were expressed as means ± SEM, n = 6–8. ** p < 0.01, vs. NW; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 vs. DW.

Article Snippet: For double immunofluorescence staining, sections were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies against F4/80 (a macrophage marker; 1:100; Santa Cruz, sc‐377009) in combination with either iNOS (an M1 marker; 1:100; ABclonal, A0312) or Arg1 (an M2 marker; 1:100; ABclonal, A1847).

Techniques: Tissue, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Western Blot, Expressing, Analysis, Immunohistochemical staining

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: A stromal PAI1-tPA axis orchestrates immunosuppression in pancreatic cancer

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aea6734

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A to I ) Serpine1 +/+ and Serpine1 −/− mice were orthotopically implanted with pancreatic cancer cells (7940B), and tumors were collected at day 21. [(A) and (B)] Flow cytometry quantification of frequencies of total T cells (CD45 + CD3 + ) (A) and conventional dendritic cells (CD45 + F4/80 − CD11c + MHCII + ) (B) among live cells in orthotopic tumors. (C) Co-IF staining for Arg1 (green), F4/80 (red), and DAPI (blue) in orthotopic tumors, and corresponding quantification ( n = 3 FOV per animal). (D) Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of Arg1 in BMDMs treated with vehicle or recombinant PAI1 (rPAI1) for 20 hours. Each dot represents individual primary BMDM lines. (E) Flow cytometry quantification of frequency of CD8 + T cells (CD45 + CD3 + CD8 + ) among live cells in orthotopic tumors. [(F) and (G)] Flow cytometry quantification of frequencies and absolute numbers of GZMB + CD8 + T cells (F) and Ki67 + CD8 + T cells (G) following a 5-hour ex vivo PMA/ionomycin stimulation of tumor digests. (H) Co-IF staining for GZMB (green), CD8 (red), and DAPI (blue) in orthotopic tumors, and corresponding quantification ( n = 5 FOV per animal). (I) Co-IF staining for Ki67 (red), CD8 (green), and DAPI (blue) in orthotopic tumors, and corresponding quantification ( n = 5 FOV per animal). ( J ) Experimental design for CD8 + T cell depletion. Mice received control immunoglobulin G (IgG) or anti-CD8 antibody twice per week, starting 5 days postimplantation (7940B). Tumors were harvested at day 21. ( K ) Tumor weight of orthotopic tumors with CD8⁺ T cell antibody-mediated depletion. Symbols in (A) to (I) and (K) represent individual mice. Data are means ± SEM. P values were determined by two-tailed unpaired t test [(A), (B), right of (C), (D), (E) to (G), and right of (H)], Mann-Whitney test [left of (C), left of (H), and (I)], and Mann-Whitney test with Holm-Sidak post hoc (K).

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: Arg1 (D4E3M, 1:400, no. 93668S, Cell Signaling), cleaved caspase-3 (polyclonal, 1:100, no. 9661S, Cell Signaling), CD8 (D4W2Z, 1:200, no. 98941S, Cell Signaling), ECAD (36, 1:1000, no. 610181, BD Biosciences), F4/80 (D2S9R, 1:200, no. 70076S, Cell Signaling), GZMB (D6E9W, 1:100, no. 46890S, Cell Signaling), Ki67 (SP6, 1:200, no. MA5-14520, Invitrogen), PAI1 (polyclonal, 1:1000, no. IRBAHUPAI1AP100UG, Innovative Research), PanCK (monoclonal antibody cocktail, 1:400, no. NBP2-44368-0.1 mg, Novus), PDGFRα/β (Y92, 1:100, no. AB32570, Abcam), and tPA (polyclonal, 1:250, no. 10147-1-AP, Proteintech).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Staining, Quantitative RT-PCR, Recombinant, Ex Vivo, Control, Two Tailed Test, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: A stromal PAI1-tPA axis orchestrates immunosuppression in pancreatic cancer

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aea6734

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Experimental outline of murine PDAC model. Plat +/+ and Plat −/− mice were orthotopically implanted with pancreatic cancer cells (7940B), and tumors were collected 21 days postimplantation. ( B ) Tumor weight of orthotopic tumors harvested from Plat +/+ and Plat −/− mice. ( C ) ELISA of tPA in tissue supernatants from pancreata of Plat +/+ mice (no tumor) and orthotopic tumors from Plat +/+ and Plat −/− mice. ( D ) Picrosirius red staining of orthotopic tumors, and corresponding quantification ( n = 5 FOV per animal). ( E ) Co-IF staining for cCasp3 (red), ECAD (green), and DAPI (blue) in orthotopic tumors, and corresponding quantification ( n = 4 FOV per animal). ( F to H ) Flow cytometry quantification of frequencies of total T cells (F), CD8 + T cells (G), and conventional dendritic cells (H) among live cells in orthotopic tumors. ( I ) Co-IF staining for Arg1 (green), F4/80 (red), and DAPI (blue) in orthotopic tumors, and corresponding quantification ( n = 3 FOV per animal). Symbols in (B) to (I) represent individual mice. Data are means ± SEM. P values were determined by Mann-Whitney test [(B) and (F)], two-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak post hoc (C), and two-tailed unpaired t test [(D), (E), and (G) to (I)].

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: Arg1 (D4E3M, 1:400, no. 93668S, Cell Signaling), cleaved caspase-3 (polyclonal, 1:100, no. 9661S, Cell Signaling), CD8 (D4W2Z, 1:200, no. 98941S, Cell Signaling), ECAD (36, 1:1000, no. 610181, BD Biosciences), F4/80 (D2S9R, 1:200, no. 70076S, Cell Signaling), GZMB (D6E9W, 1:100, no. 46890S, Cell Signaling), Ki67 (SP6, 1:200, no. MA5-14520, Invitrogen), PAI1 (polyclonal, 1:1000, no. IRBAHUPAI1AP100UG, Innovative Research), PanCK (monoclonal antibody cocktail, 1:400, no. NBP2-44368-0.1 mg, Novus), PDGFRα/β (Y92, 1:100, no. AB32570, Abcam), and tPA (polyclonal, 1:250, no. 10147-1-AP, Proteintech).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Staining, Flow Cytometry, MANN-WHITNEY, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: A stromal PAI1-tPA axis orchestrates immunosuppression in pancreatic cancer

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aea6734

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Experimental outline of murine PDAC model. WT, Serpine1 −/− , and Serpine1 −/− ; Plat −/− mice were orthotopically implanted with pancreatic cancer cells (7940B), and tumors were collected 21 days postimplantation. ( B ) Tumor weight of orthotopic tumors harvested from WT, Serpine1 −/− , and Serpine1 −/− ; Plat −/− mice. ( C ) IHC staining for CD8 in orthotopic tumors, and corresponding quantification ( n = 3 FOV per animal). ( D ) Co-IF staining for Arg1 (green), F4/80 (red), and DAPI (blue) in orthotopic tumors, and corresponding quantification ( n = 3 FOV per animal). Symbols in (B) to (D) represent individual mice. Data are means ± SEM. P values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak post hoc [(B) to (D)]. ( E ) Working model. Left: Hypoxia stabilizes HIF proteins, inducing PAI1 expression in pancreatic CAFs. Although tPA levels are elevated in PDAC, PAI1 predominantly inhibits its activity, thereby suppressing antitumor immunity. Middle: Elimination of stromal PAI1 restores tPA activity, enhancing antitumor CD8 + T cell responses, accompanied by alleviation of immunosuppressive TAM phenotypes and increased dendritic cell (DC) infiltration. Stromal PAI1-driven tumor growth depends on CD8 + T cells. Right: Removal of stromal tPA abolishes residual tPA activity, further promoting an immunosuppressive TME and tumor growth.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: Arg1 (D4E3M, 1:400, no. 93668S, Cell Signaling), cleaved caspase-3 (polyclonal, 1:100, no. 9661S, Cell Signaling), CD8 (D4W2Z, 1:200, no. 98941S, Cell Signaling), ECAD (36, 1:1000, no. 610181, BD Biosciences), F4/80 (D2S9R, 1:200, no. 70076S, Cell Signaling), GZMB (D6E9W, 1:100, no. 46890S, Cell Signaling), Ki67 (SP6, 1:200, no. MA5-14520, Invitrogen), PAI1 (polyclonal, 1:1000, no. IRBAHUPAI1AP100UG, Innovative Research), PanCK (monoclonal antibody cocktail, 1:400, no. NBP2-44368-0.1 mg, Novus), PDGFRα/β (Y92, 1:100, no. AB32570, Abcam), and tPA (polyclonal, 1:250, no. 10147-1-AP, Proteintech).

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Expressing, Activity Assay